Frequently asked questions

Beginner level

What is a public address, and where do I find it?

It is your wallet's identifier on the blockchain, a string of letters and digits that starts with 0x (Ethereum and its networks) or looks like a long word (Solana). In MetaMask or Rabby, it is shown at the top of the screen; one click copies it. It is safe to share: it is used to receive, never to spend.

Is it risky to give my address to Bilan DeFi?

No. A public address is, as the name says, public: anyone can read what it holds, but nobody can touch it without your private key or your recovery phrase, which Bilan DeFi never asks for. If a site asks you for either, close it.

My crypto is on Binance, Coinbase or Crypto.com: what do I do?

As long as it stays on the exchange, it is not on the blockchain in your name: Bilan DeFi cannot see it through an address. You can connect the exchange read-only (an API key without withdrawal rights) or import its statement from your free account; or start by creating your first wallet, with a guide.

I only have a few euros in crypto: do I need to declare it?

An account opened on a foreign exchange (Binance, Coinbase, Kraken…) must be declared every year on form 3916-bis (foreign accounts), even with a few euros, even if empty. Sales for euros are declared on form 2086, but are exempt as long as total sales for the year do not exceed €305. Holding crypto without selling triggers nothing.

What does the overview show for a first wallet?

What you hold, in euros, network by network; what moved and what it cost in fees; and, if you invested something (staking, savings), what it earns. The technical tabs only appear if you need them.

How much does it cost?

The overview is free, with no account. The account, also free, remembers your addresses. Only the PDF tax report is paid: €0.99 for a small portfolio (fewer than 100 transactions in the year and less than €1,000).

Intermediate level

How much does my crypto really earn?

The overview measures each closed investment (staking, lending, vault, savings) by what came out minus what went in, in euros, fees included; then the total, and the current pace of your open investments (per month). Price changes of your crypto are kept separate: they are not a yield.

Some of my funds are still on Binance or Coinbase: how do I include them?

From your free account, connect the exchange with a read-only API key (never with withdrawal rights), or import its statement. Transfers between the exchange and your addresses are then recognised, and its balances join the portfolio.

My Lido or Ether.fi staking, or my Aave deposit: what tax applies?

In principle, staking rewards and vault yields fall under BNC (non-commercial profits: declared in the year they are received, 34% allowance, nothing below €305); loan interest falls under investment income (revenus de capitaux mobiliers) at the 31.4% PFU. The Taxes tab does the breakdown; the tax report puts it in the right boxes.

Vault, Validation, Not invested: what do they mean?

The overview's words for your investments: Vault for a deposit that works on its own, Validation (staking) for what secures a network in return for rewards, Not invested for crypto sitting idle in the wallet. The technical term is shown in small print.

I have several addresses and several networks: one overview?

Yes: enter them together (up to thirty per network); the overview combines them, cancels out the transfers between them and tracks every EVM network, Solana and Bitcoin. A free account remembers them for next time.

What is in the tax report?

The PDF for the current year, generated automatically: the steps on impots.gouv, the screens filled in with your amounts, the tax estimate. From 0.99 to €19.99 depending on your activity, without a chartered accountant's sign-off; for a file that is reviewed and signed off, the full report is on quotation.

Niveau Expert

What are the points to decide?

Positions that on-chain data alone cannot qualify: a deposit to an exchange (a sale for euros or a simple transfer?), a bridge whose other side is not seen, an implausible gain. Each has three possible answers; your answers travel in the overview link and are stored nowhere.

How are bridges and transfers between my addresses recognised?

By matching value and date across networks and addresses, and by the names of known bridges. A departure with no arrival seen is flagged, never silently cancelled out; you decide.

Which networks and which sources?

Ethereum and some forty L2s and EVM networks, Solana, Bitcoin, Tron, Cosmos, Hyperliquid (HyperEVM and HyperCore). Positions are read from block explorers and a DeFi position aggregator; prices via DefiLlama; centralised exchanges via a read-only API key or a statement. Up to thirty addresses per network and ninety in total.

2086, 2074, 3916-bis: what goes where?

Crypto sales for euros (and purchases of tokenised shares, xStocks) on the 2086 annex; the resale of an xStock, a financial security, on form 2074 at the weighted average price; each account on a foreign exchange on a form 3916-bis. BNC yields in box 5KU, loan interest in box 2TR. Defensible readings, not official doctrine.

The overview differs from an aggregator like Zerion: why?

An aggregator shows a snapshot of open positions; Bilan DeFi rebuilds the history and measures each closed position in euros on the day of each flow. A position still open, an unidentified receipt or an unvalued airdrop does not count in the gain: they are listed separately.

Can I get a report signed off by a chartered accountant?

Yes, on quotation from €499 excl. VAT: the file is prepared, then reviewed and signed off by a chartered accountant registered with the Ordre des experts-comptables, in full confidentiality. The tax report (0.99 to €19.99) remains automatic, without sign-off.

Bilan DeFi

What is Bilan DeFi?

A French tool that rebuilds your DeFi and crypto positions from your public addresses on the blockchain, and values them in euros: gains, yields, open positions and fees.

Do I need to give my private key or sign a transaction?

No. Bilan DeFi only reads public data: no transaction to sign, no private key, no access to your funds. To open a space linked to your address, your wallet may offer to sign a short message, free and off-chain, which authorises nothing; without it, the overview still shows.

Which blockchains are supported?

Ethereum and all its L2s (Arbitrum, Base, Optimism, zkSync, Scroll, Linea, Blast, Mode, Unichain, Ink, Soneium… some forty networks), the other EVM networks (Polygon, BNB Chain, Avalanche, Gnosis, Sonic, Berachain, HyperEVM), Solana, and Cosmos with its ecosystem.

Does Bilan DeFi fill in my tax return?

It provides the data in euros you need (positions, yields, portfolio value) to prepare form 2086. It files nothing on your behalf and does not replace tax advice.

How much does it cost?

Nothing for the site: the overview, the account area and the projection are free, with no card or subscription. Only the tax report (the filing file) is on quotation, from €499 excl. VAT.

Your Trust Wallet wallet in 5 minutes

Why Trust Wallet to get started?

It is a phone app, available in French, that holds bitcoin, ether, Solana and BNB with nothing to set up, with an encrypted backup on Google Drive or iCloud for those who don't want to write anything down. MetaMask and Rabby are also accepted here: MetaMask for a computer extension, Rabby for DeFi users.

Is it free?

Yes. Trust Wallet is free; only blockchain operations cost a few cents in fees, and buying by card in the app carries a commission.

And if I lose my phone?

Nothing is lost: reinstall the app and recover your wallet with your Google Drive or iCloud backup (and its password), or with your 12 words. Without one or the other, nobody can recover it for you.

How do I connect Trust Wallet to Bilan DeFi?

On a phone, the connection page opens Trust Wallet, which asks you to allow bilandefi.fr to see your address. On a computer, WalletConnect shows a QR code that the app scans. Otherwise, copy your addresses (Receive → Copy) and paste them on the connection page: the site only reads them.

Can Bilan DeFi touch my crypto?

No. The site only reads your addresses, like a statement: it cannot move anything, and never asks for a signature.

Your Rabby wallet in 5 minutes

Why Rabby rather than MetaMask for DeFi?

Before each signature, Rabby shows what the operation will do: the tokens going out and coming in, the contract called, an unlimited approval, a recent contract or a dubious site. MetaMask holds bitcoin and offers a mode with no phrase to write down, simpler for beginners. Both are accepted here, and Rabby reads the phrase of an existing MetaMask wallet.

Does Rabby have a "with Google" mode?

No: a Rabby wallet is created with a 12-word phrase, to write down on paper, or imported from a phrase, a private key or a Ledger or Trezor device. That is the price of its simplicity: no key goes through an online account.

Why does Rabby show orange lines on bilandefi.fr?

"Listed by: None" and "Site popularity: Very low" measure how well known a recent site is, not its security. bilandefi.fr is being listed with the directories Rabby checks. Check the address, then connect: the site only reads your address, and never asks for a signature afterwards.

Does Rabby hold bitcoin?

No, only Ethereum-compatible networks (Ethereum, Base, Arbitrum, Optimism, Polygon…). Keep your bitcoin in a Bitcoin wallet or on your exchange, and paste its address next to your Rabby address on the connection page: Bilan DeFi reads both together.

Your crypto wallet in 5 minutes

Is it free?

Yes. MetaMask and Rabby are free; only blockchain operations cost a few cents in fees.

Why MetaMask rather than Rabby to get started?

MetaMask holds bitcoin and ether in a single wallet, and Bilan DeFi reads both in one connection; it also lets you sell back to euros from the app. Rabby says plainly what each operation does, a real plus for DeFi, but does not handle bitcoin. Both are accepted here.

Why does Rabby show warnings on bilandefi.fr?

Rabby flags "Listed by: None" and "Site popularity: Very low": these two lines measure how well known the site is (it is recent), not its security. bilandefi.fr is being listed with the directories Rabby checks; in the meantime, you can ignore them after checking the address bilandefi.fr. MetaMask may likewise flag a site that is still little known, for the same reason. Connecting only grants the right to see your address; do, however, refuse any signature or transaction requested afterwards.

I have crypto on Revolut: can I see it on Bilan DeFi?

Not while it stays on Revolut: it is held there by Revolut, with no address of your own on the blockchain. Create a MetaMask wallet, then in Revolut send your crypto to its address (same network on both sides, a small test amount first). Then connect the wallet here.

And Deblock, to have euros too?

Deblock is a French app that combines a euro account (IBAN, card) and a crypto wallet, bitcoin and ether included. It does not connect to websites: copy your Ethereum and Bitcoin addresses in the app and paste them on the Bilan DeFi connection page, which only reads them. Base, Arbitrum and Optimism are not offered there.

How do I set MetaMask to French?

On a phone: menu ☰ → Settings → General → Current language → Français. On a computer: your avatar at the top right → Settings → General → Current language. MetaMask generally uses the device's language; this setting forces French.

And if I lose my phone?

Nothing is lost: reinstall the app and type your 12 words to recover your wallet. Without these 12 words, nobody can recover it for you.

Can Bilan DeFi touch my crypto?

No. The site only reads your addresses, like a statement: it cannot move anything.

Crypto taxation in France: how your crypto is taxed

What is the tax rate on crypto in 2026?

The flat tax on cryptocurrency gains is 31.4%: 12.8% income tax and 18.6% social contributions, after the CSG increase voted in the 2026 LFSS (social security financing act).

Is a swap between cryptos taxable?

No. Swaps between digital assets, including into a stablecoin, benefit from a tax deferral. Tax is due on conversion into euros or on a payment in crypto.

Is there an exemption threshold for crypto?

Yes: if the total of taxable disposals for the year does not exceed €305, the gains are exempt.

Declaring your crypto on your French tax return: forms 2086, 3916-bis and 2042-C

Do you have to declare crypto if you have sold nothing?

No capital gain to declare without a taxable disposal. However, accounts opened on foreign exchanges must be declared on form 3916-bis (foreign accounts) every year, even with no transactions.

Where do you report your crypto capital gain?

The result of form 2086 is carried over to form 2042-C, box 3AN for a gain and box 3BN for a loss.

Should a Ledger or MetaMask appear on form 3916-bis?

No, a self-custodial wallet is not an account opened with a third party. Only accounts on foreign exchanges are concerned.

DAC8: your crypto exchanges report your transactions to the tax authorities

Since when has DAC8 applied to crypto?

Since 1 2026 January. Exchanges collect 2026 transactions and report them to the tax authorities from 2027.

Does DAC8 cover DeFi?

Not directly: a decentralised protocol is not a reporting service provider. Transfers from an exchange to your wallet are, however, visible, and your DeFi positions count in the calculation of your gains.

DeFi taxation: staking, lending, liquidity pools and airdrops

Is staking taxable in France?

There is no detailed official doctrine. Most practitioners tax rewards when they are converted into euros, with a zero acquisition cost; a minority of advisers recommend taxing them on receipt as income.

Is depositing crypto into a DeFi protocol a disposal?

According to the majority reading, no: a deposit against a receipt token remains an exchange between digital assets, with tax deferred.

Is impermanent loss deductible?

Not as such. For tax purposes, it only shows through the portfolio value at the time of a taxable disposal for euros.

My crypto is on an exchange: where do I find my address?

Does my Binance (or Coinbase) deposit address show my crypto?

No. Each exchange gives one deposit address per customer, but immediately pools the funds into its own wallets. To see your balance, purchases and sales, connect the exchange read-only (API key or downloaded statement).

Your Trade Republic crypto in your overview and your tax return

Does Trade Republic have an API to read my crypto?

No: Trade Republic offers neither an API nor a read-only key to individuals. The only reliable route is the transaction export (CSV) from the mobile app, available since 2026 April.

Where do I find the Trade Republic transaction export?

In the mobile app: profile icon at the top right, "Account statements", "Transaction export", full period, "Create", then "Share". The website does not offer it.

Do my Trade Republic crypto ETFs go on form 2086?

No: an ETF or ETN on a crypto theme is a financial security, declared like a share (form 2074). Only crypto bought directly falls under form 2086.

Is Trade Republic staking taxable?

The rewards received are digital assets entering your portfolio; depending on the reading adopted, they are taxed when sold (zero acquisition cost) or every year as income. Bilan DeFi dates them and values them at the day's price.

Calculating your crypto capital gain, with a worked example

How is the capital gain on crypto calculated in France?

Gain = sale price − (total acquisition cost × sale price ÷ overall portfolio value). The calculation covers the whole portfolio, on each sale for euros, not token by token.

Is FIFO accepted for crypto in France?

No. The French method is the weighted average price of the whole portfolio, set by article 150 VH bis of the CGI and used in form 2086.

Are transaction fees deductible?

Disposal fees reduce the sale price. Purchase fees are part of the acquisition cost.

Should DeFi positions be counted in the portfolio value?

Yes. The overall portfolio value includes all your crypto, including assets lent, staked or deposited in a liquidity pool.

Form 3916-bis: declaring your crypto accounts abroad

Do you have to file form 3916-bis if you have sold nothing?

Yes. Form 3916-bis declares the existence of accounts opened abroad, regardless of any sale or any tax due.

Does an empty Binance account have to be declared?

Yes, an empty or inactive account must still be declared, as must an account closed during the year.

Should a Ledger or MetaMask wallet appear on form 3916-bis?

No, a wallet whose keys you alone hold is not an account opened with an institution.

What is the fine for an undeclared crypto account?

€750 per account, €1,500 if its value exceeded €50,000 during the year, possibly plus a surcharge of 80% in the event of a tax reassessment.

Staking and taxes: how rewards are taxed in France

Are staking rewards taxable on receipt?

There is no detailed official doctrine. Most practitioners tax nothing on receipt: the rewards come in at zero acquisition cost and are taxed on a sale for euros. A minority reading taxes them as BNC on receipt.

Is liquid staking (stETH) a disposal?

According to the common reading, no: swapping ETH for a liquid staking token remains a crypto-to-crypto exchange, with no immediate tax.

Do you have to declare staking on Binance or Coinbase?

The rewards follow the same logic as in DeFi, and the account opened on a foreign exchange must appear on form 3916-bis.

Airdrops: how tokens received for free are taxed

Is an airdrop taxable on receipt?

If received for nothing in return, no: it enters the portfolio at zero acquisition cost and tax is due on the sale for euros. If it rewards an action (points, quests, tasks), it rather falls under BNC in the year of receipt.

At what value should an airdrop taxed as BNC be declared?

At its value in euros on the day of receipt; this value is then added to the portfolio's acquisition cost.

Do you have to declare an airdrop you have not sold?

For an airdrop received for nothing in return, no. For an airdrop rewarding an action, the BNC reading requires declaring it in the year of receipt, even without a sale.

NFTs and taxes in France: the old regime and the new one

How is the sale of an NFT taxed in 2026?

Since 1 2026 January, unique NFTs fall under article 150 VH ter of the CGI: the gain is taxed under the regime of what the NFT represents, for example the flat tax on precious objects for a work of art.

Is buying an NFT with ETH taxable?

Before 2026, it was in practice a tax-free swap between cryptos. Since NFTs have left the crypto regime, paying in ETH could be a taxable disposal of the ETH; the tax authorities have not yet commented on it.

Does an NFT creator pay capital gains tax?

No, their sales and royalties are non-commercial profits (BNC).

General information, not tax advice. The rules change with every finance act and depend on your situation. For a complex case (regular activity, large amounts, a tax audit), have it checked by a chartered accountant or a tax lawyer.